History of Eastern United States Coast Barrier Islands Research Paper

History of Eastern United States Coast Barrier Islands - Research Paper Example The Native Americans first occupied these barrier islands. They were later taken over by the European settlers for their recreational and touristic pursuits. However, they have diminished in size and retreated in the past years due to rising sea level, diminishing sediment, storms, and human interference. Extensive human settlement in these areas has raised concerns regarding the loss of habitat. Although vulnerable, these barrier islands are very important economically, serving as areas for tourist development, the source of food, and employment. (Keywords: barrier islands, rising sea level, storms) Table of Contents Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 Barrier Islands 4 Types of Barrier Systems 5 Formation of Barrier Islands 7 The Historical Changes in the Mississippi-Alabama Barrier Islands 9 Retreating and Diminishing In Size of the Gulf Coast Barrier Islands 9 Activities on Eastern United States Coast Barrier Islands 11 The Importance of the Eastern United States Coast Barrier Islands 12 References 15 History of Eastern United States Coast Barrier Islands Barrier Islands Barrier islands are defined as thin linear mobile strips of sand measuring up to around 10 – 15 metres (30 – 50 feet) above the sea level. They usually create chains situated a number of miles offshore alongside the many passive margins. The back barrier region separates the barrier island from the mainland and shallow bays, marshes, estuaries, or lagoons usually occupy it. Barriers are created by the vertical accumulation of the sand from wind and waves action. Barrier islands are called so because they signify the shoreline natural protection from the forces of tsunamis, tides, currents, and waves from the core ocean. However, the majority of the barrier islands have been turned into resort-type living and beautiful beaches (Kusky 2008, 5). The development of the barrier islands characterizes one of the most dangerous trends in the coastal zones. This is because barriers are jutt ed mobile strips of sand moving in response to the changing storms, tides, coastal currents, and sea levels. Storms are able to move the complete sandy substrate out from the underneath of the tall buildings. Kusky (2008, 6) states that â€Å"the size of barrier islands ranges from narrow and discontinuous strips of sand that may be only a few hundred feet wide, too large islands that extend many miles across and also in length.† The length and the width are calculated from the existing amount of sediment and the balance between the tidal and wave energy. Majority of the barriers are built from sand (sand from the eroded coastal cliffs, deposited by rivers along the delta systems or sand left from the glaciations). Barrier islands are supposed to be discontinuous to permit water from the tidal changes to get back to the sea along the tidal inlets systems (Kusky 2008, 6). The sub-environments of barrier islands are classified the same as those of beaches. These sub-environment s include barrier interior, landward interior, and the beach. The beach face of the barrier is the most vibrant section of the island. It absorbs energy from the tides and waves and responds much like the mainland beaches. The beach backside of many barrier islands are marked by a foredune ridge or along frontal, followed landward by the secondary dunes.

The Gettier Problem Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Gettier Problem - Essay Example Gettier’s argument says that it is possible that a person believes in something that is justified as well as wrong at the same time. One flaw is that Gettier’s argument can lead us to cynicism because it is evident from our everyday lives that it is hardly the case when something is justified by satisfactory evidence that fulfills all philosophical rules of relevant evidence. Gettier wrote his 1963 paper refuting the ‘Justified true Belief’ JTB. If Gettier’s paper is considered true than JTB nullifies but the following example exposes cracks in Gettier’s paper. S knows that P if and only if; ïÆ'Ëœ S believes P ïÆ'Ëœ P is true ïÆ'Ëœ S is justified in believing P ïÆ'Ëœ And P causes S to believe in P This example excludes the example of Gettier. And doesn’t believe in something as a given fact, for instance if there is a group of people and one person out of the group happens to be Brazilian, the above example cannot give me the position to state that I know that someone out of this group is a Brazilian since this fact will not be my cause for knowing. In his paper, is justified true belief knowledge of 1963, Edmund Gettier raised a problem which he argued and viewed in the traditional knowledge theory. Many attempts by a number of epistemologists have failed, for example, Thomas Paxson and Keith Lehrer put across a theory, which utilized the defeasibility argument to attempt solving the Gettier problem (Lehrer and Paxon 225- 237). In my opinion, Gettier’s problems possibly cannot be beaten of defeated on the basis of principles because in order to understand these problems one has to consider the premise of these problems as true, as it will explained later in this paper that Gettier only plays with the justification and the truth. And it is evident that there is a very fine line between the justification and the truth. Moreover, there is always a certain level of truth to be accepted by a prudent person. For instance, if we all agree to the fact that a billiard ball is round, the question is, is it really round in shape? Students of physics might know that when things are observed at molecular levels, the shapes and boundaries of objects are very different from what they were previously considered. So a billiard ball might not be exactly round at a very fine microscopic or atomic level. Similarly if we Gettier’s problems are considered a law or considered sufficient enough to define knowledge th en the shape of the earth can be figured out by a bowling ball. For instance it is a common observation that a bowling ball is considered heavy and it is common sense that earth is holding all forests, water, land and mountains, and is also a very heavy object. Now the bowling ball is round in shape, therefore we can conclude that the earth is also round in shape. I believe that it satisfies Gettier’s problem but this is infect a terrible logic, there is no relevance between the two objects. If only such premises are considered then earth would be shaped like a washing machine because a washing machine is heavy too. One of the many objectives of epistemologists is to come up with a theory of knowledge that specifies the necessary conditions for knowledge. Traditionally, scientists have only agreed to three of these conditions, and they include p is true, s believes in p, and s has a justification to believe in p. according to the theories, if the theories satisfied the condit ions then one could say that s knows p. but then Gettier came along with his arguments. In his arguments, he proposed to counterarguments to the traditional conditions, where the theory

Comparison of Ground Support Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Comparison of Ground Support Systems - Essay Example This essay discusses ground support that has been employed in underground mines in order to ascertain the security and protection of the personnel as well as the equipment working there as well as to fulfill the desired engineering purpose of the aperture. The rockmass around an aperture may be considerably fragmented and fractured as a result of the combination of stresses, discontinuities and also, because of the blasting activities for the production or development purposes. Also, pieces of rock, that may range from a few grams to many tones in mass, may fall or slough into the openings of the mine as a result of gravity. Moreover, rock can be violently dumped into the mine openings because of the seismic bursting. The support methods have been developed in order to avoid the falling or ejection of the rock into the mine openings. Screen mesh, resin or mechanical rock bolts, and plain or reinforced shotcrete have been found to be the indispensable features of the production cycle of mining in Canada for year and have improved in the safety of the operator and the equipment along with enhancing the recovery of the minerals. Beginning from the late 1980's, Urylon Plastics Inc. (previously Guelph, Ontario) and in the present times, Mine guard Canada , in association with the Department of Mining Engineering at Queen's University and the MIROC - Mining Industry Research Organization of Canada created an innovative and new rock support system that is known as MIROC MineguardTM. MIROC Mineguard comprises of a thin, durable and highly flexible 2-component polyurethane spray-on liner. The RockguardTM is another polyurethane/polyurea hybrid liner, which has been developed by Futura Coatings Incorporation in Missouri, USA, has become available recently. MineguardTM and Rockguardâ„ ¢ are considered as the best forms of spray-on liners and both of them will referred as polymer liner support in this study. The other spray-on products under testing and development are Master Builder’s epoxy-based product and Fosroc’s latex-based Tekflex product. All systems have been demonstrated not only in the laboratory but also in the underground so that they may work in a various ways. The technical aspects and properties of every support system have been documented well in the literature. Each support system has some technical constraints and benefits, but they will not be included in detail in this study. Although being technically sound with respect to engineering concepts, however, it is also vital to take in to account that whether it is also cost effective or not, and that how each method

Analysis of the figuritive language in th Poems Richard Cory by Edwin Essay

Analysis of the figuritive language in th Poems Richard Cory by Edwin Arlinton Robinson and Paul Simon - Essay Example Applying these criteria in the two versions of Richard Cory would help decide which of the two poems is more deserving of merit. Published in 1897, Richard Cory by Edwin Arlington Robinson is the original version of the poem. Robinson depicts the despair and death of a wealthy man in his poem. Basically, the language used is folkloric. A folklore is an oral tradition handed down from one generation to another. Thus, the character of Richard Cory and his experience appears to be a hearsay, a myth. The linguistic elements of the poem support this idea. First, the lines of the poem strictly follow a common rhythmic pattern with the first and third lines and the second and fourth lines rhyming. This may seem awkward when reporting about suicide as it negates the natural utterance of a suicide narrative. Second, the line of thought makes the language appear climactic, thus making the poem appear too literary and stilted. Like any narrative, the poem starts with the introduction of the cha racter, thus in the first stanza, Richard Cory is described as â€Å"a gentleman from sole to crown, / clean-favored and imperially slim† (l. 3–4).

Social Science Research Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Social Science Research - Coursework Example The drivers causing frustration (â€Å"frustrator†) wore a plaid sport jacket and white shirt while driving the high status car (hardtop), and an old khaki jacket while driving the low status car (old station wagon and old sedan). At the end of each trial, the subjects were observed whether they had honked once, twice, or not at all. Latency of each honk and estimated length were recorded and double checked against tape recordings. Manipulation checks were not used for the independent variable since there was no chance for the subjects and the researchers to interact. However, there was a questionnaire experiment conducted to verify the results between actual and predicted behavior. The results showed that the behavior reported in the questionnaire reflected what was observed in the field. The study employed probability sampling or representative samples. Subjects were selected to be representative of the population. Specifically, random sampling was utilized. This means that each driver in the population of interest has an equal likelihood of selection. There were 82 drivers observed. They are motorists taking some intersections in California. External validity is very well manipulated since the subjects are chosen and observed in real life settings. Among the 82 subjects, 26 were women and 56 were men. Their sex and estimated age were also noted. In addition, the year, make and model of each subject’s car were monitored. The experiment was conducted in six intersections in Palo Alto and Menio Park, California. A luxury car (1996 Chrysler Crown Imperial hardtop) was used as the high status car. Two low status cars ( a rusty 1954 Ford station wagon and an unobtrusive gray Rambler sedan) were alternately utilized. The driver of the experimental car was instructed to arrive at an intersection just as the traffic light was turning red. If at least one other car had come to a stop behind the experimental car when the

Sustainable urban develpment Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 17500 words

Sustainable urban develpment - Thesis Example The invisible impacts are more deep rooted, though they are difficult to see and assess. These invisible impacts include changes in the quality of life, changing social structures and genetic changes. There are also several possible impacts of urban development, namely, increase in employment opportunities, cost-effective and efficient supply of basic amenities like water, electricity, gas etc., availability of medical and educational facilities, and promotion of safe and environmental friendly public transport system. The implementation sites are therefore required to be sustainable or assessed so as to evaluate the associated costs and benefits to the region and to the life of the people. For this, various environmental impact assessment is carried out. There are several methods for carrying out the environmental impact assessment like the checklist method, the matrix method, the network method, the overlay method and the battelle method. While all the methods have their applicability, Battelle method is found to be more holistic as it takes into account a large number of parameters related to the physical environment and human habitats and also assigns weights based on relative importance of the factors at the given site. The current study uses the Battelle method to evaluate a large implementation site at Hayeel. This implementation site, which is a mixed-use project, covers an area of 3,000,000 meter squares. The results of the Environmental Impact analysis show a negative EIU (Environmental Impact Unit) of -503.9 which means the development will affect the sustainability of the site. The research concludes with making several recommendations that can help in mitigating the detrimental impacts of the implementation site. (I suggest you add some more specific recommendations based on your actual

What is the relationship between drama and theatre education and Assignment

What is the relationship between drama and theatre education and creative learning - Assignment Example fficulty facing scholars constitute the ability to distinguish between drama and theatre and establishment of the relationship between drama and theatre education as tools for creative learning. This research paper aims at establishing a clear distinction between theatre and drama in addition to establishing a relationship between drama/theatre and creative learning. The paper will achieve this by discussing the critical aspects of creative learning, relationship between drama and theatre education and creative learning, how creative drama enhance creativity in learning, and importance of drama in assessments, and theories of drama and theatre in creative learning. Creative learning is enhanced through the level of creativity possessed by the learner. Winston (2010) defines creative learning as imaginative activities fashioned with the aim of producing outcomes characterized by originality and value. In creativity, the learner has to portray originality and value in the end result of the learning process. Fleming (2011) outlines the basic features of creativity; these are use of imagination, pursuing purposes, being original and judging value. In Jo Trowsdale’s session, for example, the class was introduced to a range of creative people who shared a variety of characteristics. These personalities included Aristotle, Vivien Westwood, and Martin Luther King; from them it was evident that creativity is not just about arts and not always related to a product, but it could be a change of mind/heart. Any creativity process lacking any of the aforementioned features is considered null since it lacks the main components of creativity. Creativity involves playing with new ideas and trying out possibilities from such ideas. For example, the Myth of Icarius revealed three different period of painting. Flying too high using the wings would take Icarius too close to the sun and melt while flying too low would take him close to the sea and drown. This implies that Icarius